Energy Research Centre

SEARCH THE ERC WEBSITE

Downloadable publications since 2004

Not all ERC research reports are freely or publicly available, nor are all the papers which are published by staff members in journals. Most of the publications in the list below may be downloaded in PDF format

Publications are listed by year then author. Click here for a list according to author within categories (papers, chapters etc).

All listed here are published by ERC unless otherwise indicated.

Pre 2004: For selected publications from the Energy and Development Research Centre and the Energy Research Institute dating from before 2004 go to Past Publications

Letete, T. & von Blottnitz, H. (2012) Biofuel Policies in South Africa: A Critical Analysis. In Janssen, R. & Rutz, D. (Eds.) Bioenergy for Sustainable Development in Africa. Springer.

2012

• Rahlao, SJ, Mantlana, B, Winkler, H & Knowles, T. 2012. South Africa’s national REDD+ initiative: assessing the potential of the forestry sector on climate change mitigation. Environmental Science and Policy 17: 24–32. {Available online from the journal only]

• Tait, L & Winkler, H. 2012. Estimating greenhouse gas emissions associated with achieving universal access to electricity in South Africa. Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town

• Boyd, A, Rennkamp, B, Winkler, H, Larmour, R, Letete, T, Rahlao, S & Trikam. A. 2012. South African approaches to measuring, reporting and verifying: A scoping report.
• Wlokas, H, Rennkamp, B, Torres, M, Winkler, H, Boyd, A, Tyler, E & Fedorsky, C (2012). Low Carbon Development and Poverty: Exploring poverty alleviating mitigation action in developing countries. MAPS Working Paper. Cape Town, University of Cape Town.

2011

• Davis, S. 2011. Measuring the rebound effect of energy efficiency initiatives for the future: A South African case study. Addendum: Water heating in middle to high income households

• Letete, TCM, Mungwe, NW, Guma, M and Marquard, A. 2011. Carbon footprint of the University of Cape Town. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22 (2): 2-12

• Vorster, V, Winkler, H and Jooste, 2011. Mitigating climate change through carbon pricing: An emerging policy debate in South Africa. Climate and Development 3: 242–258

• Winkler, H, Simoes, AF, La Rovere, EL, Alam, M, Rahman, A & Mwakasonda, S. 2011. Access and affordability of electricity in developing countries. World Development 39 (6):1037–1050

• Winkler, H & Marquard, A. 2011. Analysis of the economic implications of a carbon tax. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22 (1): 55-68

• Wlokas, H L. 2010. A review of the solar home system concession programme in South Africa.

• Wlokas, H. L, 2011. What contribution does the installation of solar water heaters make towards the alleviation of energy poverty in South Africa?. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22 (2): 27-39.

2010

• Davis, S. 2010. Measuring the rebound effect of energy efficiency initiatives for the future: A South African case study

• Davis, S & Durbach I. 2010. Modelling household responses to energy efficiency interventions via system dynamics and survey data. Electronic version of the article published in ORiON, Volume 26, number 2, pages 79–96. Electronic copies of this article may be downloaded online from www.orssa.org.za.

• Edkins, M, Marquard, A and Winkler, H, 2010. South Africa’s renewable energy policy roadmaps.

• Edkins, M, Marquard, A and Winkler, H, 2010. Assessing the effectiveness of national solar and wind energy policies in South Africa.

• Edkins, M, Winkler, H, Marquard, A and Spalding-Fecher, R. 2010. External cost of electricity generation: Contribution to the Integrated Resource Plan 2 for Electricity

• Letete, T, Mungwe, N, Guma, M & Marquard, A. 2010. University of Cape Town carbon footprint.

• Melamu, R, Boyd, A, Wlokas, H, Roden, B, Austin, G and von Blottnitz, H. 2010. Stakeholder collaboration and learning during the concept design phase of an urban biogas project. Paper delivered at Knowledge Collaboration & Learning for Sustainable Innovation; ERSCP-EMSU conference, Delft, The Netherlands and Cape Town, South Africa, October 25-29, 2010.

• Ngepah, N N. 2010. Energy, inequality and pro-poor growth in South Africa. PhD thesis, University of Cape Town.

• Ngepah, N N. 2010. Production, inequality and poverty linkages in South Africa. Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) Working Paper

• Pickering, M. 2010. Towards an independent system operator for South Africa.

• Winkler, H, Marquard, A & Jooste, M. 2010. Putting a price on carbon: Economic instruments to mitigate climate change in South Africa and other developing countries. Proceedings of the conference held at the University of Cape Town, 23-24 March 2010.

• Winkler, H & Beaumont, J. 2010. Fair and effective multilateralism in the post-Copenhagen climate negotiations. Climate Policy 10: 638–654

2009

• Edkins, M, Winkler, H & Marquard, A, 2009. Large-scale rollout of concentrating solar power in South Africa

• Jooste, M, Winkler, H, van Seventer, D & Truong, TP. 2009. The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa’s economy and trade. Final Report to the Department of Environmental Affairs.

• Tyler, E, 2009. Aligning South African energy and climate change mitigation policy

• Tyler, E, Dunn, Z & du Toit, M. 2009. White certificates and white certificate trading schemes as greenhouse gas mitigation policy options for South Africa.

• Tyler, E, du Toit, M & Dunn, Z.2009. Emissions trading as a policy option for greenhouse gas mitigation in South Africa

• Visser, M & Brick, K. 2009. Green certificate trading.

• Winkler, H & Marquard, A. 2009. Analysis of the economic implications
  of a carbon tax.

• Winkler, H, Marquard, A & Letete, T. 2009. Analysis of possible quantified emission reduction commitments by individual Annex I Parties.

• Winkler, H, Marquard, A, Tyler, E, Visser, M & Brick, K. 2009. Economics of climate change: Context and concepts related to mitigation

• Winkler, H, Hughes, A & Haw, M. 2009. Technology learning for renewable energy: Implications for South Africa’s long-term mitigation scenarios. Energy Policy.

• Winkler, H, Vorster, S & Marquard, A, 2009. Who picks up the remainder? Mitigation in developed and developing countries. Climate Policy.

• Winkler, H & Marquard, A, 2009. Changing development paths:  From an energy-intensive to low-carbon economy in South Africa. Climate and Development.

• Winkler, H 2009. Cleaner energy, cooler climate: Developing sustainable energy solutions for South Africa Cape Town, HSRC Press. {Dowload from HSRC Press]

2008

• Bekker, B, Eberhard, A,  Gaunt, T and Marquard, A. 2008. South Africa's rapid electrification programme: Policy, institutional, planning, financing and technical innovations. Energy Policy 36 (8): 3115-3127

• Davis, S. 2008.  Spend, save and splurge – the rebound effect of energy efficiency initiatives. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy, 18-19 March 2008. Cape Town: Cape Peninsula University of Technology: 53-58

• Lloyd, P and Truran, G. 2008. Safe paraffin appliances and their contribution to demand side management. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy, 18-19 March 2008. Cape Town: Cape Peninsula University of Technology: 53-58

• Louw, K, Conradie, B, Howells, M & Dekenah, M. 2008. Determinants of electricity demand for newly electrified low-income African households. Energy Policy 36 (8): 2814-2820

• Marquard, A, Merven, B & Tyler, E. 2008. Costing a 2020 target of 15% renewable electricity for South Africa. (With an appendix by Kilian Hagemann on South African wind resources.)

• Müller, B and Winkler, H. 2008. One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? The Governance of the World Bank Climate Investment Funds. Oxford Energy and Environment Comment, February 2008

• Prasad, G. 2008. Energy sector reform, energy transitions and the poor in Africa Energy Policy 36 (8): 2785-2790

• Ward, M, (ed.), Streck, C, Winkler, H, Jung, M, Hagemann, M, Höhne, N & O’Sullivan, R 2008. The role of sector no-lose targets in scaling up finance for climate change mitigation activities in developing countries. International Climate Division of UK-DEFRA. London, Dept for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

• Winkler, H 2008. Climate change mitigation negotiations, with an emphasis on options for developing countries. An Environment & Energy Group publication. New York, United Nations Development Programme.

• Winkler, H, 2008. Measurable, reportable and verifiable: the keys to mitigation in the Copenhagen deal. Climate Policy 8: 534–547.

• Winkler, H, Höhne, N & Den Elzen, M 2008 Methods for quantifying the benefits of sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs). Climate Policy 8 (2): 119–134

• Winkler, H, Marquard, A, Manley, J, Davis, S, Trikam, A, den Elzen, M Höhne, N & Witi, J. 2008. Quantifying SD-PAMs: National energy models and international allocation models for climate change mitigation: South African case study. Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town.

2007

• Brohmann B, Feenstra Y, Heiskanen E, Hodson M, Mourik R, Prasad G & Raven R, 2007. Factors influencing the societal acceptance of new, renewable and energy efficiency technologies: Meta-analysis of recent European projects, European Roundtable for Sustainable Consumption and Production, Basel, June 20-22.

• Den Elzen M, Höhne N, Brouns B, Winkler H & Ott H, 2007 Differentiation of countries’ future commitments in a post-2012 climate regime: An assessment of the “South–North Dialogue” Proposal, Environmental Science & Policy Vol 10 (3): 185-203

• Ellis, J, Winkler, H, Corfee-Morlot, J C & Gagnon-Lebrun, F 2007. CDM: Taking stock and looking forward. Energy Policy 35 (1): 15-28

• Energy Research Centre, 2007. Long Term Mitigation Scenarios: Technical Summary, Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

• Energy Research Centre, 2007. Long Term Mitigation Scenarios: Technical Appendix, Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

• Haw M & Hughes A, 2007 Clean energy and development for South Africa: Background data, Report 1 of 3

• Haw M & Hughes A, 2007 Clean energy and development for South Africa: Scenarios, Report 2 of 3

• Heinrich, G., Basson, L., Cohen, B., Petrie, J.G. and Howells, M.I. 2007. Ranking power expansion alternatives for multiple objectives under certainty. Energy Policy, 32(12): 2350-2369.

• Heinrich, G., Howells, M.I., Basson, L. and Petrie, J.G. 2007. Electricity supply industry modeling for multiple objectives under demand growth uncertainty. Energy, 32(11): 2210-2229.

• Hughes A & Haw M, 2007 Clean energy and development for South Africa: Results, Report 3 of 3.

• Hughes A, Haw M, Winkler H, Marquard A and Merven B, 2007. Energy Modeling: A modelling input into the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios process, LTMS Input Report 1.

• Kornelius G, Marquard A and Winkler H, 2007. Non-energy Emissions - Industrial Processes: An input into the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios process, LTMS Input Report 3.

• Lloyd P & Visage E, 2007 The testing of gel fuels, and their comparison to alternative cooking fuels, International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy, Cape Town 11 April 2007

• Midgley, G, Chapman, R, Mukheibir, P, Tadross, M, Hewitson, B, Wand, S, Schulze, R, Lumsden, T, Horan, M, Warburton, M, Kgope, B, Mantlana, B, Knowles, A, Abayomi, A, Ziervogel, G, Cullis, R and Theron, A. 2007. Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in key South African sectors An input into the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios process.

• Mpako M & Prasad G, 2007 Rural electrification in Zimbabwe reduces poverty by targeting income-generating activities, International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy, Cape Town 11 April 2007

• Mukheibir P & Ziervogel G, 2007 Developing a Municipal Adaptation Plan (MAP) for climate change: the city of Cape Town, Environment & Urbanization Vol 19 (1)

• Mukheibir P, 2007. Qualitative assessment of municipal water resource management strategies under climate impacts: the case of the Northern Cape, South Africa Water SA, Vol 33 (4): 575-581

• Mukheibir P, 2007. Water resource management strategies for adaptation to climate induced impacts in South Africa. Water Resources Management.

• Mukheibir, P 2007. Possible climate change impacts on large hydroelectricity schemes in southern Africa, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa

• Mukheibir P, 2007 Access to water – the impact of climate change in small municipalities

• Mukheibir P, 2007 The impact of climate change on small municipal water resource management: The case of Bredasdorp, South Africa

• Mwakasonda S 2007 South Africa Low Carbon Scenario Report, Energy Research Centre, December 2007

• Pauw, K, 2007 Economy-wide Modeling: An input into the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios process, LTMS Input Report 4.

• Prasad G, 2007 Electricity from solar home systems in South Africa Create Acceptance project - South Africa: Case Study 2.

• Prasad G & Dieden S, 2007 Does access to electricity enable the uptake of small and medium enterprises in South Africa, International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy, Cape Town 11 April 2007.

• Scenario building Team, 2007. Long Term Mitigation Scenarios: Scenario Document, Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

• Taviv R, van der Merwe M, Scholes B and Collet G, 2007. Non-Energy Emissions – Agriculture, Forestry & Waste: An input into the Long Term Mitigation Scenarios process, LTMS Input Report 2.

• Van Es, D. and Bennett, K.F. 2007. A case for incorporating standby generators into the South African electricity system. Proceedings of the 4th European Congress Economics and Management of Energy in Industry, 27-30 November 2007, Porto, Portugal.

• Winkler H, 2005 Climate change and developing countries, South African Journal of Science.

• Winkler, H (ed), 2007 Long Term Mitigation Scenarios: Technical Report, Prepared by the Energy Research Centre for Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria

• Winkler H & Vorster S, 2007. Building bridges to 2020 and beyond: the road from Bali Climate PolicyWinkler H, 2007.

• Energy Policies for Sustainable Development in South Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development

• Winkler H, Baumert K, Blanchard O, Burch S and Robinson J 2007 What factors influence mitigative capacity? Energy Policy

• Winkler, H & Marquard, A 2007. Energy development and climate change in South Africa: Decarbonising growth in South Africa. Occasional paper 2007/40, for UNDP's Human Development Report 2007/8: Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world. New York, Human Development Report Office.

• Winkler H, Mukheibir P, Mwakasonda S, Garg A & Halsnaes K, 2007 Electricity supply options, sustainable development and climate change priorities: Case studies for South Africa (UNEP)

• Winkler H, Howells M, & Baumert K, 2007. Sustainable development policies and measures: Institutional issues and electrical efficiency in South Africa Climate Policy

• Winkler, H & van Es, D 2007. Energy efficiency and the CDM in South Africa: constraints and opportunities, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa

2006

• Howells M, Victor D, Gaunt T, Elias R & Alfstad T, 2006 Beyond free electricity: The cost of electric cooking in poor households and a market-friendly alternative. Energy Policy

• Hughes A, Howells M, Trikam A, Kenny A. van Es D, A study of demand side potential in South African industries. Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy Conference 2006

• Howells M, 2006 Targeting of industrial audits for DSM Planning. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa

• Lloyd, P. 2006. Carbon storage - a significant factor in controlling atmospheric carbon dioxide. Proceedings of FFF Indaba 2006, University of Cape Town, 18.

• Lloyd, P. 2006. High-value uses for Waterberg coal. Proceedings of Waterberg Conf, FFF 8-06, University of Cape Town, 18.

• Lloyd, P.2006. Underground geological storage. Chapter 2. G Borm, D Hawkins, A Lee (Review EDS). Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. (Cambridge Univ Press)

• Lloyd, P. 2006. SA Energy reserves and the future. Proceedings of Conference on SA Energy Resources, Geological Society of SA Symposium, Johannesburg, Feb 24, 2006, 21. ABSTRACT ONLY

• Marquard A, 2006. The origins and development of South African energy policy. PhD thesis (file 6 MB)

• Mukheibir P & Ziervogel G, 2006, Framework for adaptation to climate change for the City of Cape Town – FAC⁴T (City of Cape Town) (File 2 MB)

• Prasad G & Visagie E, 2006 Impact of energy reforms on the poor in Southern Africa

• Prasad G, 2006 Energy Sector Reform and the Poor: Energy Use and Supply: a Four Country Study: Botswana, Ghana, Honduras & Senegal (ESMAP)

• Van Es, D, Howells, M and Winkler, H. 2006. A selective assessment of business opportunities in South Africa under the Clean Development Mechanism. Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town.

• Visagie E & Prasad G, 2006 Renewable energy technologies for poverty alleviation: South Africa - biodiesel and solar water heaters 

• Winkler H, 2006. Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa’s residential and electricity sectors PhD thesis

• Winkler, H, Borchers, M, Hughes, A, Visagie, E & Heinrich, G 2006. Policies and scenarios for Cape Town's energy future: Options for sustainable city energy development. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa

• Winkler, H, Brouns, B and Kartha, S, 2006 Future mitigation commitments: differentiating among non-Annex 1 countries. Climate Policy

• Winkler H, Mukheibir P & Mwakasonda S, 2006 Sustainability of electricity supply and climate change in South Africa. Ch 6. Halsnaes K & Garg A (Eds) Sustainable Development, Energy and Climate: Exploring Synergies and Tradeoffs. (Complete book here)

• Winkler, H (Ed) 2006. Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa: Options for the future.

2005

• Alfstad T, 2005. Development of a least cost energy supply model for the SADC Region,  MSc(Eng) thesis, UCT     

• Baumert, K & Winkler, H 2005. SD-PAMs and international climate agreements. Chapter 2. R Bradley, K Baumert and J Pershing (Eds). Growing in the greenhouse: Protecting the climate by putting development first. (Washington DC, World Resources Institute)

• Energy Research Centre, 2005 Mitigation Training Manual, Strengthening human and institutional capacity in developing countries for policy analysis and effective negotiation on climate change

• Energy Research Centre, 2005. Solar electrification by the concession approach in the rural Limpopo Province: Phase 1. Baseline Report

• Energy Research Centre, 2005. Mitigation training manual

• Howells, M.I. 2005. A model of household energy services in a low-income rural African village. Energy Policy, 33(14): 1833-1851

• Howells M, House J, Laitner M, 2005 Beyond the baseline - large scale climate friendly development, 2005 IASA International Energy Workshop Meeting, Tokyo

• Howells M and Laitner J, 2005 Industrial efficiency as an economic development strategy for South Africa, 2005 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, July 19th - 22nd, 2005, New York.

• Howells M, Louw K, Conradie B, Käck E, Jonsson S. 2005 An economic framework for energy transitions, Proceedings of the International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy, Cape Town 29-31 March 2005.

• Howells, M.I. 2005. Large scale climate friendly development. Proceedings of the International Energy Workshop, July 2005, Tokyo

• Howells, M.I. 2005. Uncertainty in the saving - quantifying the "Rebound Effect". Proceedings of the International Energy Workshop, July 2005, Tokyo

• Lloyd, P & Cook, A, 2005 Methane release from South African coal mines, Journal of SA Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

• Midgley, G.F, Chapman, R.A, Hewitson, B, Johnston, P, de Wit, M, Ziervogel, G, Mukheibir, P, van Niekerk, L, Tadross, M, van Wilgen, B.W, Kgope, B, Morant, P.D, Theron, A, Scholes, R.J, Forsyth, G.G, 2005 A status quo, vulnerability and adaptation assessment of the physical and socio-economic effects of climate change in the Western Cape. Report to the Western Cape Government (CSIR)

• Mukheibir P & Sparks D, 2005 Climate variability, climate change and water resource strategies for small municipalities (Water Research Commission)

• Mukheibir P, 2005 Local water resource management strategies for adaptation to climate induced impacts in rural South Africa, Rural Development and the Role of Food, Water & Biomass: Opportunities for Development and Climate

• Mwakasonda, S & Winkler, H 2005. Carbon capture and storage in South Africa. Chapter 6 in. R Bradley, K Baumert and J Pershing (Eds). Growing in the greenhouse: Protecting the climate by putting development first. (Washington DC, World Resources Institute)

• Nkomo J.C & Gomez B.E, 2005 Capacity building in analytical tools for estimating and comparing costs and benefits of adaptation projects

• Nkomo, J.C. 2005. Consumer choice in an energy efficient lighting context. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 16(2): 50-55.

• Nkomo, J.C. 2005. Energy and economic development: Challenges for South Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 16(3): 94-104.

• Nkomo, J.C. 2005. Prospects for efficient residential lighting in South Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 16(1): 27-33.

• Nkomo, J.C. 2005. Testing the mitigation manual on trainers. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 16(2): 74-79.

• Nkomo, J.C. 2005. The impacts of efficient residential lighting in Matatiele, South Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 16(3): 117-121.

• Nkomo, J.C., Winkler, H.E., Mwakasonda, S., Mukheibir, P.V. and Sparks, D.A. 2005. Climate change mitigation: A training manual. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 16(3): 139-142.

• Prasad G & Visagie E, 2005 Renewable energy technologies for poverty alleviation - Initial assessment report: South Africa

• Spalding-Fecher, R, Winkler, H & Mwakasonda, S 2005. Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable Development: What next? Energy Policy

• Winkler H, Alfstad T & Howells M. 2005. South African Energy Policies for Sustainable Development

• Winkler H, Borchers M, Hughes A, Visagie E, Heinrich G, 2005. Cape Town energy futures: Policies and scenarios for sustainable city energy development 

• Winkler, H, Howells, M & Baumert, K. 2005. Sustainable development policies and measures: Institutional issues and electrical efficiency in South Africa  (Washington DC: Center for Clean Air Policy)

• Winkler, H 2005. Renewable energy policy in South Africa: Policy options for renewable electricity. Energy Policy

• Winkler, H., Davidson, O., Mwakasonda, S., 2005. Developing institutions for the Clean Development Mechanism: African perspectives. Climate Policy (5): 207-218

2004

• Ellis, J, Winkler, H & Corfee-Morlot, J 2004. Taking stock of progress under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (Paris, OECD / IEA)

• Energy Research Centre, 2004 Energy for sustainable development: South African profile 

• Energy Research Centre, 2004. Solar electrification by the concession approach in the rural Eastern Cape: Phase 2. Monitoring Report

• Energy Research Centre, 2004. Solar electrification by the concession approach in the rural Eastern Cape: Phase 1. Baseline Survey 

• Lloyd P, Cowan B, Mohlakoana N,  2004 Improving access to electricity and stimulation of economic growth and social upliftment. Improving Access to Modern Energy Services through CDM and Technology Transfer Conference” 27-29 July 2004

• Lloyd, P.J., Dick, A. and Howells, M. 2004. The energy profile of a rural community. Journal of Energy in SA [only an abstract available for download]

• Lloyd, P. 2004. A comparison of the thermal efficiency of different stoves used nationally in township homes. Proceedings of the International Conference on Domestic Uses of Energy, Cape Technikon, Somerset West, 12-13 May 2004

• Lloyd, P.J and Davidson, O. 2004. Precombustion technologies to aid carbon capture. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Univ. Regina, Vancouver, 5-9 September 2004. ABSTRACT ONLY

• Ott, H E, Winkler, H, Brouns, B, Kartha, S, Mace, M, Huq, S, Kameyama, Y, Sari, A P, Pan, J, Sokona, Y, Bhandari, P M, Kassenberg, A, La Rovere, E L & Rahman, A 2004. South-North dialogue on equity in the greenhouse. A proposal for an adequate and equitable global climate agreement (Eschborn, Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)

• Sparks, D.A. 2004. The potential impact of the electricity basic services support tariff on indoor air pollution and health in South Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa [only an abstract available for download]

• Turpie, J., Winkler, H. and Midgley, G.F. 2004. Economic impacts of climate change in South Africa: A preliminary assessment of unmitigated damage costs. In J. Blignaut and M. de Wit (Eds.), Sustainable options: Development lessons from applied environmental economics (University of Cape Town Press)

• Winkler, H 2004. National policies and the CDM: Avoiding perverse incentives. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa